{"id":19748,"date":"2026-09-07T19:31:30","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T16:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/?post_type=analytical-materials&#038;p=19748"},"modified":"2026-09-12T15:12:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T12:12:54","slug":"weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september","status":"publish","type":"analytical-materials","link":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/","title":{"rendered":"Weekly analysis for 01 \u2014 07 September"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Sections<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/#Strengthening_Liability_for_Organising_Fraud_Call_Centres\" >Strengthening Liability for Organising Fraud Call Centres<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/#Government_Again_Moves_to_Restore_the_Prosecution_Services_General_Supervisory_Powers\" >Government Again Moves to Restore the Prosecution Service\u2019s General Supervisory Powers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/#Government_Once_Again_Proposes_Establishing_Penitentiary_Inspections\" >Government Once Again Proposes Establishing Penitentiary Inspections<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/#Draft_Law_on_Improving_Legislation_on_Liability_for_International_Crimes\" >Draft Law on Improving Legislation on Liability for International Crimes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strengthening_Liability_for_Organising_Fraud_Call_Centres\"><\/span><strong><em>Strengthening Liability for Organising Fraud Call Centres<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Event<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 2 September 2026, Draft Law&nbsp;\u2116<a href=\"https:\/\/itd.rada.gov.ua\/billinfo\/Bills\/Card\/70251\">15353<\/a> \u201cOn Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine to Strengthen Liability for the Organisation of Fraudulent Electronic Communications Organisations (Fraud Call Centres) and Participation Therein\u201d (\u201cDraft Law\u201d) initiated by the President, was registered in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Draft Law proposes to supplement the Criminal Code of Ukraine (the \u201cCC\u201d) with a new Article 255-4, \u201cEstablishment of, Leadership of, or Participation in a Fraudulent Electronic Communications Organisation\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the Explanatory Note to the Draft Law, the proposed strengthening of criminal-law mechanisms for combating organised fraud conducted through fraud call centres is presented as a step towards aligning Ukrainian legislation with the country\u2019s European integration commitments. In particular, the Draft Law is positioned as implementing several key international and EU obligations: Directive (EU) 2019\/713 on combating fraud and counterfeiting of non-cash means of payment, which requires Member States to criminalise preparatory and organisational activities aimed at the unlawful acquisition, possession, or processing of authentication data; Directive (EU) 2022\/2555 (NIS2) and Directive 2013\/40\/EU on attacks against information systems, which oblige states to counter the unlawful use of electronic communications infrastructure and information systems for criminal purposes, including organised misuse of telecommunications networks; the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, which requires the criminalisation of the use of computer systems in the context of organised criminal activity and other cyber-enabled offences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>CPLR\u2019s assessment&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The proposed Article\u202f255-4 of the Criminal Code appears to disregard the existing architecture of the General Part of the Criminal Code governing liability for complicity in criminal offences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. The EU instruments referred to in the Explanatory Note do not required the introduction of a separate offence targeting organised fraud. Ukrainian criminal law already covers fraud committed through the unlawful use of information and communication technologies and fraud committed by an organised group. Such conducts are punishable by imprisonment for a term of 6 to 12 years, with confiscation of property (paragraphs 4 and 5 of Article\u202f190 of the Criminal Code).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neither the Budapest <a href=\"https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/994_575#Text\">Convention<\/a> on Cybercrime nor the relevant EU directives require Ukraine to introduce a separate offence for organised fraud. EU Directive\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32013L0040&amp;qid=1788429956285\">2013\/40<\/a> on attacks against information systems merely calls the states to ensure more severe penalties where attacks are committed by a criminal organisation. Directive <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32019L0713&amp;qid=1788429001102\">2019\/713<\/a> on combating fraud and counterfeiting of non-cash means of payment requires Member States to provide for a maximum term of imprisonment of at least five years where the relevant offences are committed within the framework of a criminal organisation. These requirements are already met under the current Criminal Code. According to Articles paragraph 4 of Article 28, Articles 190 and 255, fraud committed within a criminal organisation is prosecuted cumulatively, with criminal liability and sentencing determined accordingly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, Ukraine is required to align its legislation with the EU acquis on combating organised crime. Pending the adoption of a new thematic directive, the applicable EU instrument remains Council Framework Decision <a href=\"https:\/\/eclan.eu\/files\/attachments\/.1745\/CELEX_32008F0841_EN_TXT.pdf\">2008\/841<\/a>of 24 October 2008 on the fight against organised crime. The Framework Decision requires the criminalisation of participation in, and conspiracy to participate in, a criminal organisation or structured association. For the purposes of the Framework Decision, a \u201ccriminal organisation\u201d means a structured association, established over a period of time, of more than two persons acting in concert to commit offences punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of at least 4 years, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit. The definition of organised criminal activity contained in Article\u202f28 of the CC of Ukraine does not fully align with this concept.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.<\/strong> The proposed defines an \u201cfraudulent electronic communications organisations\u201d as a stable association of three or more persons, formed in advance for the systematic acquisition of another person\u2019s property or property rights through deception or abuse of trust using electronic communications, with its members acting pursuant to a common plan and division of functions. Thus, the note to Article\u202f255-4 reproduces the defining features of an organised group under the Criminal Code: participation of three or more persons; prior organization; stability of the association; a common purpose of committing criminal offences, a common plan; division of functions among participants. The only distinguishing element is the use of electronic communications as a means of committing fraud. However, this cannot serve as a basis for recognising a new type of organised group, nor can it justify casting doubt on the application of Articles 29 and 30 of the Criminal Code, which govern the grounds of criminal liability of accomplices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.<\/strong> In six paragraphs of the proposed Article establish liability for approximately ten distinct acts, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 establishing a fraudulent electronic communications rganisation;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 leading such an organisation;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 leading a structural unit of such an organisation;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 participating in such an organisation while being aware of the unlawful nature of its activities;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 providing means, services, information or other assistance to such an organisation while being aware of the unlawful nature of its activities and without being a member thereof;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 intentionally recruiting another person to participate in such an organisation;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 intentionally recruiting another person to assist in its activities;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 disseminating information for the purpose of such recruitment, where the person is aware of the unlawful nature of the organisation\u2019s activities;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 facilitating the establishment of such an organisation;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 facilitating its operation;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 intentionally creating conditions for persons who established, led or participated in such an organisation to evade criminal liability, where the act is committed by an official who is aware of the unlawful nature of the organisation\u2019s activities and abuses their authority or official position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, there is no legislative need to establish separate criminal liability for conduct that already falls within the existing framework of complicity in criminal offences, including establishing or leading an organised group, aiding and abetting through the provision of means, services, information or other assistance, or facilitating the establishment or operation of such an organization. Such conducts&nbsp; already comprehensively regulated by the Criminal Code. In particular, paragraphs and\u202f5 of Article\u202f27 (forms of complicity) and paragraph of Article\u202f29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nor is there any need to expressly specify that a person \u201cwas aware of the unlawful nature of the organisation\u2019s activities\u201d, \u201cintentionally recruited\u201d another person, or \u201cintentionally created conditions\u201d for other to evade liability. The nature of the acts described already presupposes that they must be committed intentionally, as follows directly from Article\u202f24 of the Criminal Code. If the authors of the Draft Law believe otherwise, they would have to apply the same approach consistently throughout the provision by referring, for example, to \u201cintentionally establishing\u201d, \u201cintentionally leading\u201d and \u201cintentionally providing\u201d assistance, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.<\/strong> The mere introduction of a separate provision in the CC establishing liability for the organisation and operation of fraud call centres will not, in itself, improve the situation. By creating an overlapping and potentially competing legal framework alongside paragraphs 3 and\u202f5 of Article\u202f27, paragraph 2 of Article\u202f29, Article\u202f30, and paragraphs 4 and\u202f5 of Article\u202f190 of the CC, the proposed new Article would significantly complicate the legal classification of the relevant conduct. This, in turn, would prolong pre-trial investigations and, even more significantly, the judicial examination and appellate review of the cases concerned.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If criminal legislation is amended in response to every new challenge by creating offence-specific organisational provisions, the Criminal Code will soon be replete with dozens of new articles addressing the establishment of and participation in organised groups engaged in human trafficking, robbery, aggravated robbery, extortion, smuggling, money laundering, illegal exploitation of subsoil resources, and other forms of criminal activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Government_Again_Moves_to_Restore_the_Prosecution_Services_General_Supervisory_Powers\"><\/span><strong>Government Again Moves to Restore the Prosecution Service\u2019s General Supervisory Powers<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Event<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has submitted to Parliament Draft Law \u2116 <a href=\"https:\/\/itd.rada.gov.ua\/billinfo\/Bills\/Card\/70680\">16026<\/a>. 16026, \u201cOn Amendments to the Law of Ukraine \u201cOn the Prosecutor\u2019s Office\u201d to Align the Prosecutor\u2019s Functions in Representing the Interests of the State in Court with the Constitution of Ukraine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Draft Law was prepared in response to the Constitutional Court <a href=\"https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/v006p710-25#Text\"><strong>Decision<\/strong><\/a> No. 6-r(II)\/2025 of 3 December 2025 concerning the prosecutor\u2019s representation of the interests of the State in court, which was previously <a href=\"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/analytical-materials\/shhotyzhnevyj-analiz-02-08-grudnya-2025-roku\/\">analysed<\/a> by the CPLR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In that Decision, the Constitutional Court declared unconstitutional certain prosecutorial powers that allowed prosecutors to represent the interests of the State in court where a competent public authority, local self-government body, or other public entity vested with the relevant powers had either (1) failed to protect those interests or (2) protected them improperly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, the Court held that the prosecutor\u2019s power to represent the interests of the State in civil, commercial and administrative proceedings is constitutional only where no public authority is vested with the competence to protect those interests in the relevant sphere of legal relations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>\u0421PLR\u2019s assessment<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Draft Law is identical to Government Draft Law \u2116 15253 of 15 May 2026 (see our previous <a href=\"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/analytical-materials\/shhotyzhnevyj-analiz-19-25-travnya-2026-roku\/\">analysis<\/a>), which was withdrawn following the resignation of the previous Cabinet of Ministers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A clear positive element of the Draft Law is its proposal to remove the prosecutor\u2019s authority to represent citizens\u2019 interests in court, which is fully consistent with Article 131-1 of the Constitution of Ukraine. However, it should be noted that Constitutional Court Decision \u2116 6-r(II)\/2025 itself did not concern the issue of prosecutorial representation of citizens\u2019 interests in court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, despite the constitutional requirement that prosecutors may represent the interests of the State in court only in \u201cexceptional cases\u201d (paragraph 3 of Article 131-1 of the Constitution) and the abovementioned Constitutional Court\u2019s Decision, Draft Law \u211616026 would effectively restore the prosecutor\u2019s general supervisory powers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Draft Law proposes to introduce excessively broad grounds for prosecutors to represent the interests of the State, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u201ca violation or threat of violation of Ukraine\u2019s fundamental national interests or strategic nationwide priorities\u201d;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u201ca violation of the interests of the State by a public authority, local self-government body, or another legal entity under public law\u201d;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u201ca conflict of powers between public authorities, local self-government bodies, and other legal entities under public law\u201d;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u201can application by a public authority, local self-government body, or another legal entity under public law requesting the prosecutor to bring a claim (points 1, 4, 5 and 8 of paragraph 2 of Article 23 of the Law, as proposed to be amended by the Draft Law).).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Draft Law would also restore prosecutors\u2019 power to bring claims before the courts in disputes involving state-owned companies (paragraph 2 of Article 23 of the Law, as proposed to be amended by the Draft Law).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prosecutors would also be granted new powers to act outside judicial proceedings and without any pending case, including the power to submit written requests to any legal entity, including civil society organisations; collect information concerning relevant facts and request and obtain items and documents; obtain written explanations from any person and written opinions from specialists and experts; and examine case materials held by a court in proceedings to which they were not a party and obtain copies thereof (paragraph 4 of Article 23 of the Law, as proposed to be amended by the Draft Law).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Draft Law also does not propose any amendments to the procedural codes (the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine, the Commercial Procedure Code of Ukraine, and the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine) despite the fact that they contain provisions governing the prosecutor\u2019s powers to protect the interests of the State in court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Government_Once_Again_Proposes_Establishing_Penitentiary_Inspections\"><\/span><strong>Government Once Again Proposes Establishing Penitentiary Inspections<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Event<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has submitted Draft Law \u2116 <a href=\"https:\/\/itd.rada.gov.ua\/billinfo\/Bills\/Card\/70682\">16028<\/a> \u201cOn Introducing a Dual System of Regular Penitentiary Inspections\u201d to Parliament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The draft law introduces two systems of regular penitentiary inspections at places of detention \u2013 internal and external.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Internal inspections would be \u0441onducted by the public authorities responsible for the respective places of detention, including the Security Service of Ukraine, Ministry of Defence, National Guard, Ministry of Justice, National Police, State Border Guard Service, State Migration Service, and Ministry of Health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">External penitentiary inspections would be conducted the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>CPLR\u2019s assessment<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Draft Law is similar to Government Draft Law \u2116 5884 of 2 September 2021, which remained pending before the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine for 4 years without substantive progress and was withdrawn following the change in the composition of the Cabinet of Ministers in 2025. It is also similar to Government Draft Law \u2116 15300 of 8 June 2026 (see our previous <a href=\"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/analytical-materials\/shhotyzhnevyj-analiz-09-15-chervnya-2026-roku\/\">analysis<\/a>), which was subsequently withdrawn following another change in the composition of the Cabinet of Ministers in 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The preparation of this Law forms part of the broader penitentiary system reform, which is designated as an interim <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurointegration.com.ua\/files\/6\/7\/674a711-23-benchmarks-ukr.pdf\">benchmark<\/a> for Ukraine\u2019s EU membership (IBM 23.11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The adoption of this legislation is also required by point 9 of the Transitional Provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, which temporarily preserves certain prosecutorial powers pending their transfer to other authorities. Ten years after the 2016 constitutional amendments on justice, the prosecutor\u2019s office continues to exercise its function of supervising compliance with the law in the enforcement of court decisions in criminal cases and in the application of other coercive measures involving restrictions on individuals\u2019 personal liberty. This supervisory function is no longer provided for in Article 131-1 of the Constitution of Ukraine but continues to apply by virtue of the Transitional Provisions until the relevant legislation enters into force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Draft Law would simultaneously repeal Article 26 of the Law of Ukraine \u201cOn the Prosecutor\u2019s Office\u201d, which currently empowers prosecutors to supervise compliance with the law in the enforcement of court decisions in criminal cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, the proposed new version of Article 25-1 of the Law \u201cOn the Prosecutor\u2019s Office\u201d proposes to grant the prosecutor powers to \u201cresolve other issues in the course of criminal proceedings\u201d, in addition to providing procedural guidance for pre-trial investigations. However, the powers set out in the Draft Law largely reproduce those currently vested in prosecutors under Article 26, including the power to visit places of detention, communicate with detainees, obtain documents, materials and explanations, access enforcement proceedings, and apply to courts.&nbsp; The Draft Law would also introduce an open-ended range of powers by providing that prosecutors may \u201cexercise other powers provided by law\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Retaining such powers after the Law enters into force would violate the Constitution of Ukraine. Moreover, the prosecutor already has all the powers necessary to \u201cresolve other issues in the course of criminal proceedings\u201d under the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine \u201cOn Operative and Investigative Activities\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If adopted, the Law would provide for a 12-month transition period from the date of its publication to allow for the adoption of the necessary secondary legislation and the implementation of the required organisational and financial measures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Draft_Law_on_Improving_Legislation_on_Liability_for_International_Crimes\"><\/span><strong>Draft Law on Improving Legislation on Liability for International Crimes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Event<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 7 September 2026, Draft Law \u2116 <a href=\"https:\/\/itd.rada.gov.ua\/billinfo\/Bills\/Card\/70586\">16050<\/a> \u201cOn Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine to Improve the Legal Framework for Liability for International Crimes through Harmonisation with the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court\u201d was registered in Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The initiative was submitted by a large group of Members of Parliament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Draft Law proposes the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine to bring it into line with the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court with respect to the crime of aggression and war crimes;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 repeal of Articles 432 and 433 of the Criminal Code and amendments to Article 434 to eliminate unjustified duplication between the provisions governing liability for military criminal offences and those governing liability for war crimes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>CPLR\u2019s position<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Draft Law was developed in cooperation with Members of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine serving on the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Law Enforcement, with participation of experts from civil society organisations, including the Centre for Civil Liberties, Ukrainian Legal Advisory Group, the Foundation for Fundamental Research Support, and the Media Initiative for Human Rights; international organisations and initiatives, including the IDLO in Ukraine, the EU Pravo-Justice Project, the Advisory Group on the Most Serious International Crimes (ACA), the Global Rights Compliance Mobile Justice Team, and the European Union Advisory Mission in Ukraine; as well as representatives of the Office of the Prosecutor General.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The purpose of the Draft Law is to align the Criminal Code provisions on liability for the crime of aggression and war crimes with international criminal law, in particular the provisions of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, in fulfilment of Article 8 of the 2014 Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It should be recalled that Ukraine ratified the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on 21 August 2024. Subsequently, Law of Ukraine \u2116 4012-IX of 9 October 2024 introduced a number of provisions on international crimes into the Criminal Code, including new Article 442-1 \u201cCrimes against Humanity\u201d.&nbsp; However, Article 438 of the Criminal Code, which establishes liability for war crimes, was left largely unchanged and remains a blanket provision, while Article 437 was not amended at all. As a result, the latter still does not reflect the definition of the crime of aggression set out in Article 8bis of the Rome Statute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Draft Law would comprehensively address mentioned shortcomings of the Criminal Code. In particular, it proposes replacing Article 438 of the CC with new articles establishing a detailed catalogue of war crimes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 crimes against individual (Article 438);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 crimes against property (Article 438-1);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 crimes involving the use of prohibited methods of warfare (Article 438-2);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 crimes involving the use of prohibited means of warfare (Article 438-3);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 crimes against cultural property (Article 438-4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The structure and content of these articles largely correspond to those proposed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/newcriminalcode.org.ua\/criminal-code\">draft<\/a> new Criminal Code of Ukraine. Therefore, in case of the adoption of the new CC in the future, no substantial amendments would be required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The structure and content of these articles largely correspond to those proposed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/newcriminalcode.org.ua\/criminal-code\">draft<\/a> new Criminal Code. Therefore, should the new Criminal Code be adopted in the future, no substantial amendments to these provisions would be required.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Strengthening Liability for Organising Fraud Call Centres Event On 2 September 2026, Draft Law&nbsp;\u211615353 \u201cOn Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine to Strengthen Liability for the Organisation of Fraudulent [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":19791,"template":"","categories":[76,336,345],"authors":[],"source":[],"analytics":[400],"class_list":["post-19748","analytical-materials","type-analytical-materials","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-criminal-justice","category-legislation_comments","category-criminal-proccess","analytics-weekly-analytics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Weekly analysis for 01 \u2014 07 September - Pravo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Strengthening Liability for Organising Fraud Call Centres\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Weekly analysis for 01 \u2014 07 September - Pravo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Strengthening Liability for Organising Fraud Call Centres\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pravo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-12T12:12:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/shablon-vilnij-dlya-redaguvannya-6.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"17 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\n\t    \"@context\": \"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\n\t    \"@graph\": [\n\t        {\n\t            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n\t            \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/analytical-materials\\\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\\\/\",\n\t            \"url\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/analytical-materials\\\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\\\/\",\n\t            \"name\": \"Weekly analysis for 01 \u2014 07 September - Pravo\",\n\t            \"isPartOf\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/#website\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"primaryImageOfPage\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/analytical-materials\\\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\\\/#primaryimage\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"image\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/analytical-materials\\\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\\\/#primaryimage\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"thumbnailUrl\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/shablon-vilnij-dlya-redaguvannya-6.png\",\n\t            \"datePublished\": \"2026-09-07T16:31:30+00:00\",\n\t            \"dateModified\": \"2026-09-12T12:12:54+00:00\",\n\t            \"description\": \"Strengthening Liability for Organising Fraud Call Centres\",\n\t            \"breadcrumb\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/analytical-materials\\\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\\\/#breadcrumb\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"inLanguage\": \"en-US\",\n\t            \"potentialAction\": [\n\t                {\n\t                    \"@type\": \"ReadAction\",\n\t                    \"target\": [\n\t                        \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/analytical-materials\\\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\\\/\"\n\t                    ]\n\t                }\n\t            ]\n\t        },\n\t        {\n\t            \"@type\": \"ImageObject\",\n\t            \"inLanguage\": \"en-US\",\n\t            \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/analytical-materials\\\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\\\/#primaryimage\",\n\t            \"url\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/shablon-vilnij-dlya-redaguvannya-6.png\",\n\t            \"contentUrl\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/shablon-vilnij-dlya-redaguvannya-6.png\",\n\t            \"width\": 1200,\n\t            \"height\": 630\n\t        },\n\t        {\n\t            \"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\",\n\t            \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/analytical-materials\\\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\\\/#breadcrumb\",\n\t            \"itemListElement\": [\n\t                {\n\t                    \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n\t                    \"position\": 1,\n\t                    \"name\": \"Home\",\n\t                    \"item\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/\"\n\t                },\n\t                {\n\t                    \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n\t                    \"position\": 2,\n\t                    \"name\": \"Policy analysis\",\n\t                    \"item\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/analytical-materials\\\/\"\n\t                },\n\t                {\n\t                    \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n\t                    \"position\": 3,\n\t                    \"name\": \"Weekly analysis for 01 \u2014 07 September\"\n\t                }\n\t            ]\n\t        },\n\t        {\n\t            \"@type\": \"WebSite\",\n\t            \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/#website\",\n\t            \"url\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/\",\n\t            \"name\": \"Pravo\",\n\t            \"description\": \"\",\n\t            \"potentialAction\": [\n\t                {\n\t                    \"@type\": \"SearchAction\",\n\t                    \"target\": {\n\t                        \"@type\": \"EntryPoint\",\n\t                        \"urlTemplate\": \"https:\\\/\\\/pravo.org.ua\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"\n\t                    },\n\t                    \"query-input\": {\n\t                        \"@type\": \"PropertyValueSpecification\",\n\t                        \"valueRequired\": true,\n\t                        \"valueName\": \"search_term_string\"\n\t                    }\n\t                }\n\t            ],\n\t            \"inLanguage\": \"en-US\"\n\t        }\n\t    ]\n\t}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Weekly analysis for 01 \u2014 07 September - Pravo","description":"Strengthening Liability for Organising Fraud Call Centres","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Weekly analysis for 01 \u2014 07 September - Pravo","og_description":"Strengthening Liability for Organising Fraud Call Centres","og_url":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/","og_site_name":"Pravo","article_modified_time":"2026-09-12T12:12:54+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/shablon-vilnij-dlya-redaguvannya-6.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"17 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/","url":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/","name":"Weekly analysis for 01 \u2014 07 September - Pravo","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/shablon-vilnij-dlya-redaguvannya-6.png","datePublished":"2026-09-07T16:31:30+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-12T12:12:54+00:00","description":"Strengthening Liability for Organising Fraud Call Centres","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/shablon-vilnij-dlya-redaguvannya-6.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/shablon-vilnij-dlya-redaguvannya-6.png","width":1200,"height":630},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/weekly-analysis-for-01-07-september\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Policy analysis","item":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/analytical-materials\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Weekly analysis for 01 \u2014 07 September"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/","name":"Pravo","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/analytical-materials\/19748","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/analytical-materials"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/analytical-materials"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19791"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19748"},{"taxonomy":"authors","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/authors?post=19748"},{"taxonomy":"source","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/source?post=19748"},{"taxonomy":"analytics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravo.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/analytics?post=19748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}